Zonulin is a protein involved in the regulation of intestinal permeability by the regulation of intestinal tight junctions. Zonulin can be used as a biomarker of gastrointestinal function and inflammation in several diseases. A study in critical care patients noted […]
Intravital Microscopy
A diagnostic imaging technique that uses a microscope to visualize the microcirculation and cellular function in living tissue, which can be used to assess gastrointestinal function and injury. Feasibility/Equipment: Could theoretically be used at bedside, but requires specific equipment and […]
Diamine oxidase
Diamine oxidase is an enzyme involved in the metabolism, oxidation and inactivation of histamin and other polyamines. It has been suggested as a biomarker for evaluation of gastrointestinal tract toxicities during cancer treatment and gastrointestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. […]
Bacteremia with enteral microflora
Description: Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, which can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, or septic shock1. Bacteremia with enteral microflora refers to the translocation of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood, which […]
Upper GI Bleeding (Haematemesis or blood in gastric aspirate)
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common medical emergency, with a reported mortality of 2-10%[1]. It is defined as hemorrhage originating from anywhere between the esophagus and the ligament of Treitz. It can present with hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia. Feasibility/Equipment: […]
Lower GI Bleeding
Lower GI Bleeding Domain: Description: Lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is any bleeding with a source distal to the ligament of Treitz. The clinical manifestation and outcome varies depending on the severity (i.e., from occult to massive), the site of bleeding […]