Description: Enteral nutrition is usually provided using a whole protein formula. Peptide based formulas contain proteins that have been enzymatically hydrolysed to dipeptides and tripeptides. These hydrolysed proteins are often combined with a higher medium-chain triglyceride content to produce a […]
Refractometry
Refractometry allows to identify the nature of gastric contents and thus allows to separate between gastric secretions and undigested food [1]. In case of delayed gastric emptying, the refractive index is higher [1]. Feasibility/Equipment: Refractometry requires training of personnel, but […]
Citrulline
Citrulline is an amino acid which forms a key intermediate in the urea cycle. It is also produced as a by-product of the enzymatic production of nitric oxide from arginine and in the gastrointestinal tract from glutamine. Citrulline has been […]
Bomb Calorimetry
A laboratory technique that measures the heat released by the combustion of a sample of feces, which can be used to determine the energy content of the feces and estimate the amount of energy that was not absorbed by the […]
Bile Acids
Description: Bile acids are produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; they are released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. Abnormal levels of bile acids in the blood or urine can […]
Paracetamol Absorption Test
After an oral dose of paracetamol, serum concentrations of paracetamol can be measured in the blood at increasing time points to assess gastric emptying [1]. This test is dependent on gastric emptying as well as intact resorption, it therefore combines […]
Stool passage (frequency, aspect, volume) incl. Diarrhoea or Absence of stool
Diarrhoea A predefined (liquid stool >=3 times a day) number of liquid stools daily with volume > 250 g/day. Diarrhoea may be associated with intestinal infection or malabsorption as well as ischemia [1]. Feasibility/Equipment: Diarrhoea is a clinical sign, no […]